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Health and Life Science

A Bug-Eat-Bug World

David James’s hop yard has not been sprayed for the past three years, and it produces a commercial crop. Thanks to the presence of three times as many predators of spider mites, the number of mites is the same as in conventionally sprayed yards.

Next time you sip a good beer, pause a moment and thank your neighbors. Chances are, the hops that give your beer most of its bitterness and some of its flavor and aroma were grown in Washington state. But what you can't see or taste in your brew is the change that's coming to the growing of hops.

David James, associate professor of entomology and extension specialist, calls himself a "pest manager with a focus on biocontrol." Biocontrol means using living organisms to control pests, whether plant or animal. Biocontrol also means establishing a lasting relationship between the control organisms and the pests, rather than eradicating the latter.

Classical biocontrol stems from the fact that many pests, especially plant pests, are introduced species that arrived here without the predators and pathogens that control them in their native habitat. Classical biocontrol entails a carefully regulated release of natural control agents into the pest's new habitat. It has been used safely and successfully, even spectacularly, on a variety of weed species, including tansy ragwort, purple loosestrife, and diffuse knapweed.

Conservation biocontrol is based on controlling what usually are native pests with the natural enemies or predators that should already be out there doing the work. The reason they're not out there working is that when we spray with broad-spectrum pesticides, we kill them. Fortunately, the use of broad-spectrum pesticides is on the decline. That means the natural control agents may soon be back in the fields doing their appointed tasks.

Biocontrol often is part of an integrated pest management (IPM) program that takes into account the economic, environmental, and sociological effects of any proposed pest management strategy. Washington has been the worldwide leader in IPM for apples since the 1960s, but the concept has been slow to take hold in some of the state's other crops. James came to Washington State University four years ago to help change the latter condition .

Click here for the full story from Washington State Magazine.

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